![]() ![]() It was also found that shadowing effects set by the shape of the shielding cannot be easily modulated out, hence careful design is required. 3D printing techniques using ISO 10993 certified biocompatible plastics and 3D printable tungsten-loaded plastics were tested. Two shielding design types were then further investigated using Monte Carlo and Boltzmann-solver dose calculation algorithms. To find applicator designs that can modulate between full dose and less than 50% dose, at the dimensions of the urethra, a 2D calculation algorithm was developed to narrow down the search space. The shielded solutions investigated here solve this by providing the ability to modulate between highly asymmetric and radially symmetric dose distributions at a given location. Gynecologic cancers are often asymmetric, yet current Ir-192 brachytherapy techniques provide only limited radial modulation of the dose.
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